However, there are many sites providing HDRIs for free, usually in reduced resolution. All that difficulties are the reason why quality HDR images are quite rare and expansive. Exposure bracketing and using filters is essential. I think, there is no camera capable to capture such dynamic range in a single shot. Of course, capturing a 360deg panoramic environment map with such a high range of exposure is not an easy task. All done in blender 3.3.1 (Modeling, sculpting, retopology, texturing and rendering). OpenEXR is often preferred in Blender, because it enables to store renders with multiple layers and passes for post-processing and also seems to be more memory effective, but HDR files should work fine as well. I did this personal project to learn more about NPR. There are two most common file formats: Radiance HDR (.hdr) and OpenEXR (.exr). That's simply essential for capturing real lighting conditions in outdoor environments, where the difference between the luminance of sun and the rest of the scene might be up to 20 EV (exposure value numbers) or even more. Thanks to that, they are capable to capture extremely high range of luminance. HDRI (high dynamic range images) are image files with extended bit depth (usually 32bit per color channel).
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